Increasing competition for natural resource and emerging resource bottlenecks mean that global agriculture can no longer operate using a ‘business as usual’ approach – the input-intensive agricultural development model used for the past 40 years is no longer sustainable, and a ‘paradigm shift’ in food production is needed, according to FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva at the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture in Berlin, Germany as part of Green Week observances on January 16, 2015.
“Business as usual would mean a huge and simultaneous increase in the need for food, energy and water in the next decades: 60% more food, 50% more energy and 40% more water by 2050,” he said.
FAO estimates point to the need to increase food production by 60% by 2050 to feed a population that will top the nine billion mark.
To address the challenge of feeding more people while using less land, water and energy, concerted efforts and investments are needed to support a widespread, globe-spanning transition to sustainable farming systems and land management practices, he added.
Biofuels: Food first, but opportunities remain
Climate change and increasing competition between food and non-food agricultural products such as bioenergy have made the challenges of feeding the future more complex, said Graziano da Silva.
“But it is important not to forget that biofuel emerged with strength as an alternative energy source because of the need to mitigate fossil fuel production and greenhouse gases – and that need has not changed.”
The FAO head argued for a more pragmatic approach to the issue.
“We need to move from the food versus fuel debate to a food and fuel debate. There is no question: food comes first,” he said.
“But biofuels should not be simply seen as a threat or as a magical solution. Like anything else, they can do good or bad.”
Evidence shows that when developed responsibly, sustainable biofuel production systems can offer an additional source of income for poor farmers.
The FAO Director-General noted that through the experience gained in recent years and new biofuel production technologies, countries today are better positioned to evaluate the opportunities and risks of biofuel production and to use it when it pays off socially, environmentally and economically.
He also stressed that in order to avoid conflicts with food production, mandatory biofuel policies must be flexible and “need to be adjusted according to the reality, the ongoing balance of production, and stocks of the different products used.”
Speaking more generally on the contributions a shift to sustainable agriculture can make, he said the world’s food systems must achieve much greater efficiencies in their use of natural resources, in particular water, energy and land – including reducing food waste
And they must do much more to protect, conserve and restore natural resources, biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
FAO recently put in place five key, strategic objectives to focus and guide its work.
They include making agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable, and enabling a shift to efficient agricultural and food systems.
